According to Deming, how can knowledge be advanced?

Knowledge can be advanced by developing, applying, and testing theories because this approach encourages a systematic method of inquiry and experimentation. Deming emphasized the importance of continual learning and improvement, which involves not just collecting data but also transforming that data into actionable insights through an iterative process.

This method supports the scientific approach to quality improvement, where hypotheses are formed based on existing knowledge, then tested through practical applications and observations. It allows for the refinement of theories based on real-world outcomes, facilitating a deeper understanding and progression of knowledge. This dynamic process reflects the principles of data-driven decision-making which are central to effective quality improvement initiatives.

In contrast, relying on strict regulations or following established traditions may stifle innovation and adaptability, as these approaches can create rigidity in practices that may not lead to improvement. Consulting with experts only can limit the voices contributing to the advancement of knowledge, as it may overlook diverse perspectives and inhibit collaborative learning. Thus, actively engaging in the development, application, and testing of theories is vital for continual advancement in knowledge and practice.