According to Deming, what is a defining characteristic of a system?

The defining characteristic of a system, as emphasized by Deming, is that the components are interdependent and work together. This concept highlights that in a system, each part influences and is influenced by the other parts, leading to collective outcomes that cannot be achieved by optimizing the individual components in isolation.

In effective systems thinking, the focus is on the interactions and relationships among components, which contribute to the system’s overall functionality and effectiveness. When components operate interdependently, they can produce synergistic effects; meaning the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This interconnectedness is essential for understanding how to improve quality and performance as a cohesive unit rather than in fragmented segments.

Optimizing parts of a system in isolation or focusing solely on individual gains could lead to suboptimal outcomes for the entire system, as the broader context and interactions among components are overlooked. This is why a holistic approach, where the interdependence of components is acknowledged and leveraged, is critical for achieving sustainable improvement and quality in any process or organization.